If it is the classic problem of the chain skipping over the teeth, no, there is no adjustment you can make to mitigate the problem. You can avoid the gears that skip, though.

When you get a new chain, be sure to lubricated it frequently enough to prevent this. Replace it before it is terribly worn. Doing so will prevent (or slow) the wear of the cogs. Your freewheel/cassette can last several chains if you take care of your chains.