None if the ways mentioned really gets close to establishing a max, particularly on a bicycle. For most people cycling max is a few bests less than activities like running where greater parts of your body are working. This is the Carmichael and many others recommend.

Warm up for 15-20 minutes until you are working reasonably hard. Find a long but gradual hill and start climbing in moderate gear at a good cadence. Stay seated. After a minute, shift to the next gear while maintaining cadence. After a minute, shift again. Keep this up until you can't maintain the cadence and it really drops now. Shift one more time, stand, and sprint all out for 20 seconds. That will be your max or within a best or two.