thanks for the info!

the paper noted that there are differences between 0-120 degrees, where on the incline more torque is applied during 0-120 degrees, and this is associated with a decrease in cadence. while the kinetics are not wildly different, it does change during the downstroke during a climb. its not just uniform increase in torque over the entire pedal stroke, so the pedal action is not identical comparing on a climb and on level ground.