The only problem that I can see is that it may cause cloth rim tape to deteriorate. I've not seen modern rim tape that has deteriorated, but I've seen it on very old rims on bicycles that have been idle for a real long time.

Otherwise, I don't see how it could damage anything with modern components -- particularly a bike that is used frequently -- but I'd probably have trouble sleeping if I knew it was in there.

edit: I'm assuming aluminum rims, SS spokes, and chromed brass nipples. Water can make a mess of steel rims and galvanized or plain steel spoke ends.