Not exactly. The USSC ruled that a state could not force a seller to collect use tax unless it had physical presence in the state requesting the tax UNLESS Congress authorized it by law. A bill to do so (marketed as "Marketplace Fairness Act") has failed in several attempts to pass (current version is S.698 referred to Sen. Finance Committee). It's true as you state that Amazon's "affiliate program" has been cited as creating "physical presence".
In this case it sounded like OP was being charged Florida tax (not OP's Arizona state use tax). Most states exempt goods exported from the state from state sales tax, but I have no idea what Florida's situation is.
scott s.
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