On my 10 speed Dura Ace 7900 there is only a trim on the small ring. When on the big ring the FD cage is wide enough to use all 10 gears when if adjusted correctly. Setting the correct height and angle of the FD is crucial and can take a few attempts.

i don't have any experience of 105 10 speed but im guessing it functions the same way as DA.

You should also check your chainline. You might have too many spacers on the bottom bracket on the drive side. That is pushing the crank too far out.

If you have a small sized frame with a short wheelbase and chainstays. The chain angle can be more extreme when using big/big or small/small.