But the obvious question is, why? I can see touring on a carbon bike if you were going ultralight - I've toured on a sub-20lb road bike myself. So a carbon bike with a frame bag or modest saddlebag would be fine. But you're talking 30-40lbs of baggage. In that context, saving three or four pounds on the weight of the bike makes little sense. Plus, the chainstays are unlikely to be long enough for you to avoid heelstrike if you have heavily-laden panniers on the back.

Personally I would not use P-clamps to secure a heavily loaded rack to carbon stays. The stays aren't built for it, and there's a reason one uses a torque wrench on carbon fibre - I'd hesitate to guess at how hard to torque the clamps to provide security without damaging the material. Others who are more expert might have different views.

Frame damage is not common on tour, in my experience.

Whar exactly are you trying to protect the bike from by wrapping it in inner tubes or whatever? And if you do that, aren't you negating the weight loss you've gone to all this trouble to protect?

If you want to do loaded touring, the obvious thing to do is use a bike that can readily carry loads.