Personally, during the snowy months I use a cheap (free in my case) & durable mountain bike and wipe down/regrease the chain every once and a while. Other than that I only really clean it if it's terribly dirty or it's been a while, and then I'll just take it inside and use a damp rag. I'll do a full cleaning and tune up in the spring but I try to limit effort in the winter.

I've seen a lot of suggestions online, and one idea was to use a pump up lawn sprayer filled with water. That way you don't need a hose, you can keep it indoors, and you can clean one spot at a time, drying off afterwards. This sounded like a good option to me if you want to clean your bike regularly.