You could be a candidate for exercise-induced bronchoconstriction also refereed to as "exercise induced asthma". You can read about it here: Exercise Induced Asthma (EIB) | Causes, Symptoms & Treatment | ACAAI They symptoms you describe fit it to a T. Air pollution and cold air make it worse. Might be worthwhile to see your GP and ask about it.

The fact that it lasted for more than 4 hours is a real warning sign.