If you sweat heavily, you are wearing too much.
You can spend a lot or a little. Even cheap modern stuff is quite good.
I would suggest, as a budget option, some no-name brand, polyester T-shirts, no need for cycling jersies in winter.
As a shell layer, in the dry, a simple, non-waterproof windproof. In rain, a breathable windproof.
Midlayers are the least important, light fleece, woolen sweaters etc.
Use a neck-tube/buff, a sleeveless light insulated layer to fine tune.
Start cold so you are comfortable at cruising work-rate. If you climb big hills, use layering and remove something; same if you have to stop: add something.
carry extra insulation and a woolly hat.