There are quite a few toeclip specific pedals made in the 1990's or so.

Cage on one side, point on the other side for toeclip attachment.

For example, these Shimano 600 pedals.
Shimano 600 Pedals Vintage Aero Excellent Condition | eBay

I think several companies made similar pedals.

If you want to do both clipless and toeclips, then perhaps these.

Here are the Winwood Instep SPD adapters... pretty rare.
Winwood Pedal Adapters Look SPD Fixie Indoor Cycling | eBay

And Winwood LOOK adapters.
Instep Winwood Technologies Toe Clips Straps for Look Bicycle Pedals | eBay
Winwood Instep Look Pedal Adaptors w Toe Clips Straps | eBay
New Clip and Strap Adaptors for Quick Release Pedal Systems Look Mavic Shimano | eBay

I think I saw similar toeclip setups for other brands of clipless pedals too, although some may just be home built.

You can also get flats that snap onto SPD and clipless pedals.