+1, you damaged the rim by hitting a sharp edge either very hard or with an underinflated tire or both. This is classic pothole damage on road bikes.
On the bright side, it's highly fixable if you have halfway decent hand skills.
The key is to get the brake track smooth so the brakes don't pulse as the shoes bind on the high spot (outward "dent"). You can do that with a hammer and support, or by squeezing it home with channlocks while using something to spread the load on the good side. Once it's close, you can finish with a file, sandpaper covered block, or simply riding it with slightly pulse braking until the shoes wear off the high spot.
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