I've had both aluminum and carbon, the biggest difference I feel is the road "buzz" from aluminum. Carbon forks and carbon seat posts are often used for higher end aluminum bikes to try and minimize the buzz (road vibration). I know there are other differences like stiffness and weight but for me that's harder to notice.

There are a lot of articles about carbon vs aluminum if you google but here is one:

https://roadcyclinguk.com/gear/what-...gGGSuJDrYbK.97