So my take is, a Class 1 or Class 2 is permitted anywhere a bicycle can be ridden "unless" it is stated otherwise. A Class 3 can't be ridden on bike specific trails "unless" specifically stated they can be (at least that's my read for the Class 3 28mph E-bikes).

A throttle is "not" an issue, it just makes a Class 1, a Class 2; but Class 3 must be pedal-assist only.

Brakes power cut-off is "not" required, it can have another method of power cut-off.

Are manufacturers actually labeling the bikes they sell?

Are retailers actually providing the stated insurance disclosure as specified?