boy... this must have been discussed to death in other subforums... maybe check the road cycling discussions?

regarding the physics, the main factors of the bike that influence how fast you increase speed are inertia and friction. Bike weight is a primary factor affecting inertia. Friction and other losses are dominated by aerodynamics, tire flexing, chain and bearing lubrication, etc.

Bike fit can be a factor in how well the rider can develop force and effectively apply it to forward motion.

Psychological factors can be important too, both in the perception of acceleration and in the ability to focus and generate power.

This is a huge subject, so don't expect a quick comprehensive answer.


Steve in Peoria

btw, for a good review of college physics, I like this series of lectures on youtube...
https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCiE...9%A5%20Physics.
It ought to provide some insight into acceleration and what affects it.