If you change the wheel/cassette, but don’t change the chain length, and don’t adjust the B-tension, then of course the upper pulley will be exactly the same distance from identically sized and positioned sprockets, i.e. the small sprockets (high gears). Therefore it’s inevitable that this problem will persist across multiple cassettes.

However, with a cassette covering the designed-for range of sprocket sizes, it is possible to adjust the B-tension correctly, thus making shifting work well.

It is the impossibility of correctly setting the B-tension for both ends of a wide-range cassette that causes your shift problems.