All of the phone apps use GPS to obtain speed and distance unless there is a sensor connected to it, in which case they use sensor over GPS. Setting wheel diameter to a phone app without a speed sensor connected won't make a difference since it has no sensor data to calculate speed and distance with. Every time I have compared any GPS computer (not connected to a sensor) to a stand alone computer, there is always a difference.
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2017 Colnago C-RS
2012 Colnago Ace
2010 Giant Cypress