Studded tires are.....

slightly worse on pavement if need to panic stop and skid the tire. It's never been a problem for me, since about 1968 - 1969 or so.

The same as any other tire in soft snow. The studs have nothing solid to grab.

Much better on ice then either of the other two. The colder and flatter the ice, the better. It has nothing to do with traction of the rubber, it's about something solid to stick the studs into. Good hard packed snow on a road can be good if it's packed down hard by cars. The flat surface of a frozen lake is excellent. I find the ice holds the studs better when it is in the low 20's F range. As the ice starts to get soft the studs grab less.