Long-term durability of bike components has more to do with how well they are protected from the elements than with the components themselves. Fenders and a full or partial chaincase have a big effect. Hub gears are great. Anything that keeps the mechanical parts from being exposed to grit and grime is your friend. If you ride with rim brakes in the winter on sanded roads, you will find that your rims will last about one winter. That is a strong argument for disk or drum brakes.

Bottom line: unless you protect your components they will wear rapidly, whether cheap or expensive. Given that the expensive parts are often expensive because they are lighter, it is even possible that cheap ones would be beter for your application.

Paul