Personal anecdotes (see sig)
Shortly after being introduced to rollers (a few weeks) a good friend noticed that I kept a much better line on the road.
I had been using rollers during the winter months to keep a minimum fitness level.
For years I would do 40-45 minutes at about 90rpm with higher cadence intervals.
Recently I decided to let a bunch of air out of the tires and up the workout to 1 hour. I kept the same avg cadence and still did the high cadence intervals. This recent change has me noticing more strength on the road and ability to sustain harder efforts. When the weather allows for a more regular outdoor riding schedule I'll keep closer track of my numbers, and just observe how well I do when riding with the stronger groups.
Anecdotal, yes.