Realistically, the cranks and RD don't care much about whether you have a 7 or 10 spd set up. The FD will have some
influence as the higher speed cages are a bit narrower but also the vertical height of the inner cage can affect how
different the sizes of the CW can be, ie cages with vertical heights suitable for a 10 tooth difference may not work
well with a 16 tooth (ie compact) difference. You have to pay attention with the FD also as to needed cable pull
which means that 9-10-11 FDs may have different requirements.
You will have to locate an adapter for the downtube shifter boss to
convert it into a cable stop. OTOH modern cable/housing friction decreases mean that running a housing to near
the derailler is feasible. IMO 10 spd is the sweet spot from functionality/cost POV but 9 spd stuff (the critical parts
are the brifters and cassettes) is still around and pretty cheap.