I've used a number of different levels of parts over the years, and generally speaking, more expensive parts last considerably longer. Just avoid anything that is billed as racer-only, things that look like they have placed fashion over function, and anything massively lighter than similarly-priced parts.

The XT parts I have just keep working longer than the deore stuff. Ditto the king headset, costs 3X as much as other headsets but lasts 5X as long, maybe more. Disc brake wheels are also lasting me massively longer than the rim brakes that kept thinning the sidewalls.

That said, obviously if there is considerable risk of theft, expensive parts are not really an option... that might even get me onto a recycled fixie, who knows.