I've had a few more thoughts about this.

I wouldn't count on this supercompensation for race days. Get good training, then take a couple of rest (or light training) days before the race.

However, with training, say you could get a 1% boost, for the next training session, it may well be a benefit. Training up at a higher level. In a sense, it might be like drugs plus a washout period (which I certainly wouldn't condone). But, say steroids or EPO could aid with long term muscle mass building which would endure after the washout period. Or, force the body to compensate during the washout period.

Likewise, getting any boost during training might also give longterm results. Nonetheless, it could be tricky with the risk of doing damage rather than benefit. For example, pounding on the mitochondria and muscle fibers before they fully recover could potentially be harmful.

What I would say is to work on a training schedule that includes a variety of activities. Then track your peak performance.

Perhaps try to mix in a Morning + Evening training session, or an Evening + Morning training session, and track your performance. Or, don't shy away from doing two hard workouts on successive days, again tracking your performance.

Of course, make sure you add in rest days or low intensity recovery ride days so some days you'll pound on successive workouts, and other days you'll let the body fully recover before pounding hard again.

I would imagine there is a lot of information on training schedules available (although some may be closely guarded secrets). It may be calling it by different names, but likely is hitting multiple workouts during these potential supercompensation periods. While also recognizing the need for rest days for long term recovery of certain components (mitochondria, muscle fibers, etc).