Great advice. I'm still thinking all this through while I wait for my replacement chainring bolts to get here.
I've seen a few square taper cranksets ranging between 42t up to 50t, from Origin8 at the more affordable end to Sugino at or near the top. That Wolf Tooth chainring indeed looks like a quality product that's not too pricey for being US-made.
With that being said, I'm still not prepared to go all out and swap the bottom bracket out for a more "modern" setup. The limited finances notwithstanding, that does feel like a bridge too far at this point.