I've done a few capital upgrades lately which are hard to track (or I don't want to track).

But, thinking of core consumables:
Chain, Cassette, Brake pads, Tires, Tubes, perhaps some grease, bearings, cones, etc... it probably adds up to about 10¢ per mile. Hmmm... in the last 20,000 miles, I've pulled spokes through at least one rim. Broke a few spokes. Not a lot of other damage, although my bike trailers have had some heavy wear.

Oh, had some lights stolen. One headlight wore out. Stopped using disposable lights. Had a couple of lights fall off.

Cycling clothing and cycling shoes? It does take a beating.

Now, one thing... I do some long distance "commutes". So, say I'm headed off for a 150 to 200 mile ride. It is displacing driving a car. Even at 40 MPG, 200 miles would take 5 gallons or about $15 worth of gas. As a cyclist, however, I'm hitting maybe an excess of 3000 calories, and am eating anything in sight. I'm likely eating an excess of at least $10 of extra food for that 200 mile ride. So... say 5¢ per mile in excess food intake.

I'm not sure how that corresponds to day to day riding, but perhaps it shouldn't be ignored (although I might have to think of very expensive diet food if I didn't ride).

Whew!!! This all keeps adding up.