the shimano 1" threaded models all seem to be great.
I'm running an old STX that i picked up NOS for under $20 CAD. It's pretty smooth. 105's are a decent bang for the buck headset.
you can surely get an Ultegra for under $50. and maybe even a DA.

I've also got a DA track specific one lying around unused too. it's not cartridge though.

other than that, I hear torelli makes nice 1" threaded headset with needle roller bearings for around $50.