I am curious about what bicycle laws would even come into play other than not riding on roads that are marked for no bicycles such as interstates. Other than that I think that you can ride anywhere that is prudent and safe. Heavily traveled roads with no shoulder are really risky.
When you do drive to work, look at the routes that you take to see how wide the lanes and shoulder are. Or if there are even bike lanes.
The facility where I work is monitored 24x7 so I don't have to worry about locking my bike up. They also have lockers and a shower which is helpful as I leave a full compliment of clothes in a pair of lockers.
The direct route from my house to work is about 4.5 miles. That is barely a warm up so I have a route that ends up giving me 16.5 miles. I can cover it in 45 to 50 minutes. It is a great feeling to ride in, get cleaned up and go to work knowing that I've already ridden more in one morning than many people will all week. It also gives me 150 mile weeks.