Sounds like you are not starting with a good basic bike fit. Lots of online instructions exist on how to accomplish a good starting position for an initial basic fit from which you can then make one minor adjustment at a time to eventually get a well-tweaked more precise individual fit that better accommodates your particular physic, conditioning, skill, riding style, etc. Or perhaps you can take fit measurements from your old bike and transfer them to the new bike and start from there. As others have written, saddle adjustment is used to get your height and seated position relative to the crank and pedals. It is not adjusted for reach to the handlebars. Reach is adjusted with stem length and angle and steerer tube height. For most cyclists there will be a range of various adjustments that will work okay. But, If your frame is too tall or short and/or too loo long or small to accommodate you with available adjustments or you are after a very exacting fit, then you may need to purchase aftermarket parts as necessary for a a better fit. (seat post, saddle, crankarms, and/or stem).
Additionally, you have recurring very specific pain which appears to be related to specific prolonged use under specific recurring conditions. Doing the same thing over and over expecting different results is not going to work. Figure out how to heal the injury. RICE, stretching, massage, rollers, strength training, anti-inflammatories, heat, consult with a sports doctor or physical therapist — lots of options.
Good luck!