Zooming in on the rim, it looks like it has a fairly narrow central ridge where the nipple holes are. Sometimes when you have a rim profile that’s deep and narrow, the tube won’t fill the trench evenly. It’ll get hung up on the edges and then only the material earlier spanning the trench will stretch to the bottom of the trench. Whether it’s the localized stretch as such that pops the tube, or the thinness that makes it more sensitivite, I don’t know.
You have a couple of options if you want to research this route:
1) make sure to use the widest tube possible
2) inflate slowly, giving the tube time to creep into the crevasse
3) use some talcum powder, corn starch etc on the inside of the rim to encourage creep
4) if you don’t need the trench to get the tire on, fill it. I’ve got an old Dutch bike with a similar rim profile that had a length of rope as filler. Not a great choice of material b/c of water retention and long-term survival of the rim, but sound in principle. If I ever find a less rusty replacement rim I’d probably use a length of transparent fuel hose of the right size instead.
5) or deck it over. I’d probably use something sold as a tape rather than something sold as a rim strip. Duct tape with a long-lasting adhesive cut down to width for example.