The UCI came around in the year 1900 and the rainbow jersey with the UCI stripes first appeared in 1927. Whether there are older examples of "championship" style stripes on bicycles, I don't know, but that's pretty old and I'm sure a vast majority are newer - and therefore likely influenced by - the UCI rainbow.

Plenty of history here to keep one interested for a while!

https://capovelo.com/the-history-of-...ainbow-jersey/

-Gregory