That will work just fine. I am doing that now on my fix gear which has the same issue. (In fact, all of my bikes will take a larger front tire. There's no really good reason not to have clearance in front other than wanting a rim brake that will not allow it but in back, there can be compromises that have to be made: tire clearance at the seat tube, chainstay width, chainlines and inner chainring clearances, Q-factor, etc.)

In my racing days (about a million years ago) there word was that if the race was important, you put your best, fastest, lightest tire in back; that a slower front tire cost you almost nothing.

Now I have owned bikes with long chainstays that had (for my riding style) a lightly weighted rear wheel and cornering that was skittish in back. Those bikes did better for me with the bigger, softer tire in back. But the lesson for me was those were bikes that did not fit me very well.

Edit: I know everyone now is a fan of much lower pressures than we ran years ago. I still run close to my old pressures most of the time on pavement. I really don't like pinch flats and rim damage. At 155 pounds, I run 92 +-2psi with 28c and 99 +- with 25c. (I'm betting that in 10 years pressures will be back up some and the fat road tire craze will have died down.)