Those cups are called "zero stack" and are a press fit like a regular external cup headset but sit nearly flush with the headtube faces. Cane Creek makes zero stack headsets cups for 44 mm headtubes and larger that fit 1-1/8" straight and 1-1/8" x1-1/2" tapered steerers.

My Surly Midnight Special has a Cane Creek 40 headset in ZS44/28.6 upper and ZS44/30 lower which fits a 1-1/8" straight steerer.