You can definitely use an 11 or 12 speed cassette on your freehub. While originally labeled 8/9/10, 11 speed hyperglide freehub bodies are pretty much a road thing. MTB 11/12 speed hyperglide compatible cassettes get away with this by dishing the large cog somewhat inbound of the spokes, which works because they're friggin' huge compared to cassettes traditionally intended for 2x/3x use and the spokes angle in towards the rim, creating more clearance with big cogs. So your options are pretty much any Shimano 11 speed MTB cassette, any HG compatible Sram cassettes (usually NX level or lower, GX 11/12 speed requires a XD driver), and any Microshift cassettes. Shimano 12 speed cassettes need a microspline driver, although the cog spacing is the same so technically you can run a Shimano 12sp shifter and derailleur with a Sram/Microshift 12 speed cassette, chain, and chainring if you really need to.