So I decided just to get a different derailleur. I bought a cheap Tourney derailleur on Amazon. It is the correct one now. I was able to get it mostly working fine. I can get two out of three of the front sprockets working great now. The issue now is that that front gearset is not true. I can watch as I pedal it and I can plainly see the wobble. The chain moves a few mm right and left with the wobble which is why I can't get all three front sprockets silent.

I will disassemble the front gear set and measure everything so I know what I need to buy. The lower bracket is the square type and the arms are 175mm. I still want to open it up and see what is there because it was not standard when I opened up the rear. The bearings are not cartridge style. They are held in place by a conical seat that threads onto the shaft. Also, the hub part with grooves where the sprockets slide on is two-stepped and not straight. The larger sprockets slide onto a larger diameter spined hub piece. It also looks like someone had to grind on the spines after casting to make it work. Terrible workmanship.

And to be clear, I am not uneducated in mechanics or engineering. I am uneducated on bicycle mechanics. I learn best by trial and error. I went to college for aviation engineering and mechanics. I currently work in engineering. I like to do things myself because I have issues with other people working on things for me. For example, this particular bicycle, I took the bike to the local bike shop when I messed up the front derailleur and admitted my ignorance. They gladly took my money to "Fix" it, and what I brought home was worse off than what I took them. They had broken a spring in one of the rim brake arms, broken a shifter, and didn't get the front derailleur fixed. And today my girlfriend needed me to replace the air filter in her Honda CR-V. The people at the quicky lube had torqued the bolts to the airbox down so tightly that I needed a ratchet to loosen the screws. This is why I do things for myself.

I really appreciate all of the help from everyone. That's why these forums exist and hopefully someday I can help someone.