A few general comments:
1. I have also structured a long trip as building from several smaller parts, e.g. I split up one year into 8 months around perimeter of Australia, 2 months across US, one month in New Zealand and one month in India. This is a nice way to have some variety. Crossing the US seems like a good warm up. A few things to watch for:
- I assume you have looked up Visa regulations, particularly for China and Central Asia. As well as the climate. I use weatherspark.com to cross-check climate averages.

2. As far as crossing the US in November/December, I would definitely go more south after Pueblo. To give a few examples - if you went northwest instead, Leadville @ 3000m in November gives an example of climate averages in crossing: https://weatherspark.com/m/3368/11/A...-United-States High temperatures of ~0C and low temperatures down -10C as averages with the 90th percentile 5C colder. Around 10% chance of snow each day. Silver City NM gives a contrast - https://weatherspark.com/m/3086/11/A...-United-States It still can be cold in the deserts at night with a large day/night swing but more likely cold rain than snow.

3. As far as camping goes this will vary a lot as you go further west. The map below shows the percentage of land that is Federally owned land. Not all of it you can camp on but a lot more of the National Forests and BLM land you would be able to camp even in a number of cases where official campgrounds are closed. This would probably work slightly better if you were a few months earlier (and that would make Australia also slightly better, see below).

4. Oceania. Looks like you will be crossing Australia in middle of the summer. Not as hot as if you went across the top via Darwin but temperatures in Adelaide give an idea of averages across the Nullarbor Plain - https://weatherspark.com/m/143693/11...alia-Australia. If you were somehow able to go slightly earlier across the USA, this would also help with not being as hot in Australia. As far as "how friendly" goes, the thing to recognize is most Australian's live in or close to some of the major cities and most of your cycling will be more in the outback. On my trip I found the cities to be like cities elsewhere with a mix of impatient and patient drivers. I really liked going through the outback areas where I would often camp at roadside areas with others with camper vans or caravans. These folks were very friendly.

5. I have only done pieces of Thailand, Vietnam and Malaysia. Each were different but overall found them enjoyable and not to difficult to ride.

6. China. I cycled ~2500km across China in 2007 but that was a supported trip and enough has changed that I will rely on others to provide more up to date information. However, there were gaps of ~200km at times between a few of the villages - nice but surprisingly open desert and cold when we rode in October/November. I was on a supported ride so that helped us with logistics.

Other than noting the climate would likely be slightly better for several places if you could go a month earlier (US, Australia, China and perhaps heat in Turkey) - and to expect things to change so be flexible, looks like a good trip.