Single personal data point:

Two days ago, after avoiding sprint climbing workouts for a month while my knee healed, I was feeling pretty spunky, so I did several short and steep hill climbs of up 0.3-0.7 miles. It felt great.

Yesterday, my legs felt as if they were made of lead, quads were sore to the touch, although I had plenty of aerobic capacity.

Observation: Those sprint hill climbs were an effective leg workout, plus it takes >1 day to recover from them.