This is pretty hard to nail down because tire clearance isn’t often listed in specs for older bikes, and there can be variance even between different sizes of the same year/model. Not to mention the wide range of actual width of “28mm” tires between brands and models. What rim it’s going on also makes a difference, and then there’s the question of how much clearance is enough.

At the end of the day I haven’t found a better system than trial and error. As for a specific model - I agree with the above post about Schwinn Super Sports (and other Columbus tubed Schwinns of the era) generally having clearance for 28s while being a fairly lightweight, racy frame.