I wear two layers of socks plus neoprene toe covers inside my clipless shoes. I have large feet and haven't found shoe covers that fit over the top of my shoes. I've ordered a couple of shoe covers that were supposedly large enough to cover my shoes, but when they arrived they wouldn't fit so I sent them back. I have a similar problem finding socks large enough to fit.

On my two winter bikes I have platform pedals. When I ride those bikes I wear the same two layers of socks with the neoprene toe covers, but I wear hiking boots. The boots are warmer, but even then after enough time riding the cold will seep through them. This morning I took one of the winter bikes. It was 8°F with a stout headwind, and it took me about an hour to ride the 8 miles to work. By the time I arrived my feet were pretty chilly. After fighting cold feet for the last 16 years of winter commuting I've just accepted that's the way it is.

Riding the road bike in cold weather is a trade-off. My feet and hands are less protected (no boots or bar mitts), but because the bike is significantly faster I'm out in the cold for less time. So it kind of evens itself out. For example, this morning's hour ride on the winter bike would probably been less than 40 minutes on the road bike.

I'm too lazy to ride an eBike, as I know even in nice conditions I would always put the boost on full and not get the exercise I need. Riding a traditional bike keeps my cardiologist happy. Plus, I have concerns about leaving the bike locked outside in sub-zero temps for 9-10 hours while I'm at work, and coming out to a lithium battery that was dead, or even worse, ruined.