The OP's plug looks fine to me. And I've used Dynaplugs on GP 5000's and put thousands of miles on afterward. I consider them a permanent fix, not a "just get you home" fix.

Concerning some sort of structural damage. I'd say of course there is. Only something very small, and therefore not needing a plug is going to fit between tire cords. It's not a slit, so maybe even a whole cord isn't cut, but some threads of it would certainly be. But a tire isn't going to come apparent just because a few threads of a cord have been cut.

Any of my plugs, after hundreds of miles are wore flat, but always still have a bit of a bump in the area. Certainly nothing I can feel riding and nothing that is ballooning or showing signs of getting bigger. It's just the result if forcing something into a small hole and it pushing out some material. that material has to go somewhere.