I believe that mini-inflators will replace the wastefulness of CO2 cartridges because time and progress marches on. I carry CO2 on three bikes but haven’t used it in 3 years since I buy puncture resistant tires and am fortunate to live in an area without much road debris. I probably have 6 CO2 cartridges sitting in the garage which are left over from the pre tubeless days on my mtb, where I would get pinch flats. After tubeless, no more flats.