3M's VHB tape I think is tough enough and can be removed later if done with care if you slowly 'saw' through it with monofilament fishing line.

You can buy a lifetime's supply (if you only use it for this particular task) at any local hardware store for less than a middling size cup of coffee.

(This post reminds me I need to pull the cranks on my Tarmac soon, see just how bad the clearcoat got scuffed last fall when I dropped chain....)