Power is the force multiplied by the arm length multiplied by the rate you are spinning at. In order to get Watts, use Newtons, meters, and radians per second (2*pi/60 * RPM's). If you increase the arm length, the force, or the speed you spin the pedals, you increase the power.

You're either using different gear ratios between examples one and two or you mixed up the RPM's between them. It looks like the latter, in which case those numbers make sense according to what I stated above. I didn't bother pulling out my calculator, but they look approximately right.

Note that this assumes a constant force throughout the stroke.

I'm not familiar with the term gear-inch. Can you explain that briefly?