1) That would be Super Record and Nuovo Record. You can mix-and-match these with no problems - differences were either styling or construction material
2) Depends what you'll be mixing. If it's just each individual part, you should be all right - you can run an SR crankset with NR rear derailer and Victory front changer if you so wish to. Same with the brake system. Beware of the later Syncro index systems - these work with pretty much nothing.
3) Between SR and NR? Not that I can think of. They were pretty much both the same group with variances being mainly slightly different styling and some titanium hardware used on SR.
4) Depends...I'll let the experts tackle this one.
5) Six or seven, and they'll probably handle eight too. Campy did make alloy freewheels in the late '80s. These are very hard to come by, and very expensive when you do find them. Easy to crack the cog teeth on these too. Stick with a Regina or Suntour freewheel for your machine.
6) You can get them if you look hard enough - but be prepared to shell out a considerable amount of cash, particularly for Super Record.

Don't be ashamed. Every single one of us were beginners too.

-Kurt