Any substance when abused, can kill.
It seems as if the dopers have figured EPO out and don't die much anymore from it (or use it because of the new testing?). Micro-dosing changed EPO usage. Additionally, many of the earlier deaths were pros using EPO without the benefit of knowledgeable doctors or those who forgot to wake up hourly and exercise (apparently fixed by micro-dosing). The EPO tests would prevent those who couldn't afford doctors from experimenting with EPO and those with doctors are monitored close enough to prevent short term problems. I have not heard of any long term effects of EPO use from medical trials (but EPO is only a couple of decades old).
The anti-doping effort combined with learning from the rare deaths (relatively) has kept doping pretty safe. Dopers might accept shortening their lives to win but few are stupid enough to accept death before they win in pursuit of that win.