Probably the most important thing for you to concentrate on at the beginning is building up the TIME you consistently spend on the bike at a relatively low intensity level. This is called building an aerobic base. Once you have built your time on the bike up to say 8-10 hrs a week consistently, then you can become more specialized.

Rest is important but for aerobic conditioning it will not be as important as it will be when you are doing, say, anerobic workouts. You can do aerobic workouts every day for as much as you can tolerate without getting sick or injured.

A good way to alternate workouts so that you don't get bored is to workout in "cycles". 3 day cycles, 2 day cycles, with rest days in between would look something like :

Mon off
Tues 1hr w/weights
Weds 2hrs
Thurs 1hr w/weights
Fri off
Sat 1hr w/weights
Sun 4 hrs

This gives you two cycles with rest in between each cycle. Adjust the time and intensity to your capabilities.

A good book that discusses training for cycling is "Serious Cycling" by Ed Burke. It will teach you how to train, use weights to get strong, and how to set up your bike, everything.