3) The internals (spindle and bearings) of a Shimano cartridge bb seem to be loaded from the drive side and then a friction fit metal ring is pressed in to hold everything in place. Look inside the drive side end, just inside the ring of splines for the remover tool. You will see a very thin metal collar that I believe is the pressed-in retaining ring.

4) None that I know of. You now have 10 circular bungie cords.