See: http://www.parktool.com/repair/readhowto.asp?id=76

The article mentions the installation torque as 30 in-lb (not much), and recommends a thread locking compound. Originally, the screw probably had a thread locking compound on it so you had to exert quite a bit of torque to break it free and the residue on the threads offered some resistance as you removed it.

Note, there are various grades of thread locking compounding. For bicycle component, the "serviceable" (such as Loctite #242 blue) type is sufficient. Serviceable means you can remove the fasterner at a later time with a little effort. Some compounds are more permanent and may require the use of heat to remove - not good for bikes.

In general, the Park site is a good resource for wrenching.

Welcome to the world of wrenching!