Glue does not work as a "filler" material... this goes for rubber cement and superglue as well. You can't just fill up a hole with glue and expect it to hold. I've tried to patch TIRE casing by filling the hole with a bunch of rubber cement, but it doesn't work well at all. To patch a tube, you need a piece of rubber to cover the hole. Also, you should use Rubber Cement rather than Superglue to join the patch to the tube, since Rubber Cement is designed specifically for this kind of repair and forms a very strong airtight bond.

A new tube is only $5 at most LBSes, and a patch kit with 5-8 patches is usually only $3 or so. Do the job right! There's nothing more frustrating than trying to patch a tube with some improvised method, then having it fail and leak a few hours later. Trust me, I speak from experience