i agree with mcanto. i ride a converted crit frame and the clearance between the back wheel and the seat tube is so tight i can lock through the rear wheel, seat tube, and a parking meter pole with a mini u-lock no problem. i think axle position for axle position it is just as tight as a pista anyday.

the OP also specifically asked: "particularly one intended for road riding?"
whereas it seems there are a lot of answers partaining to the track.

the real response should be:
no, there is no difference, however, track frames are sexy, and they tend to come with track ends. i like sexy things so i ride a track bike, period.