1) What type of bicycle would best suite my needs for around $2000CAD or $1750USD, with panniers factored into the price, and which would be best as far as that goes? Seat comfort is a high priority

Bike: Trek 520 or REI Randonee ($US 979)will also allow you to get good racks, ie blackburn or Tubus and some panniers

Saddle : Brooks Conquest ( Sprung version of Team Pro)

2) What should my caloric intake be as far as carbs, fats, and proteins go? I'm 18 years old, 5'8" and 172lbs lean. Approx. 160-165 for the ride.

Lots just be balanced between carbs , proteins and not too much fat

3) How often should I eat?

Whenever you feel like it

4) Anything you recommend for eating?

Lots of rice or pasta with a small amount of protien, ie fish, have a lot of snacks ie nuts or dried fruit to munch in between meals
5) Recommendations for camp stove/tent.

Stove: MSR Whisperlite International almost foolproof and multi fuel